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Effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Marine Echinoderms

Salt Lake City 3/20/2014 12:10:00 AM

Most of the ocean acidification research conducted to date has focused solely on the biological impacts of declining seawater pH.  Few studies have investigated the interactive effects of ocean acidification and temperature.  This summary examines what has been learned in such studies of echinoderms, highlighting several studies that challenge the alarming and negative projections of the IPCC on the matter.  
Gooding et al. (2009)  measured growth rates and feeding rates of juvenile sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) maintained in 246-liter aquaria that were filled with recirculating natural sea water maintained at temperatures ranging from 5 to 21°C, and which were constantly bubbled with either ambient air of 380 ppm CO2 or CO2enriched air of 780 ppm CO2. Results indicated that "the relative growth (change in wet mass/initial wet mass) of juvenile P. ochraceus increased linearly with temperature from 5°C to 21°C," and that it also responded positively to atmospheric CO2 enrichment. More specifically, the authors state that "relative to control treatments, high CO2 alone increased relative growth by ~67% over 10 weeks, while a 3°C increase in temperature alone increased relative growth by 110%." They also state that increased CO2 "had a positive but non-significant effect on sea star feeding rates, suggesting CO2 may be acting directly at the physiological level to increase growth rates." Last of all, their data show that the percentage of calcified mass in the sea stars dropped from approximately 12% to 11% in response to atmospheric CO2 enrichment at 12°C, but that it did not decline further in response to a subsequent 3°C warming at either ambient or elevated CO2. In light of such 
observations the three Canadian researchers say their findings demonstrate that "increased CO2 will not have direct negative effects on all marine invertebrates, suggesting that predictions of biotic responses to climate should consider how different types of organisms will respond to changing climatic variables." Indeed, they clearly state -- and without equivocation -- that "responses to anthropogenic climate change, including ocean acidification, will not always be negative."

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The Influence of CO2 on Plant Antioxidants

Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change. "The Influence of CO2 on Plant Antioxidants.” Last modified January 8, 2015. http://www.co2science.org/subject/a/summaries/antioxidants.php.

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Health Effects of Hot Vs Cold Temperatures in Asia

Health Effects of Hot Vs Cold Temperatures in Asia.

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Coral Reef Responses to Temperature Stress: Thermal Adaptation

Coral Reef Responses to Temperature Stress: Thermal Adaptation. As living entities, corals are not only acted upon by the various elements of their environment,they also react or respond to them.

Released On: 12/29/2014
Views: 6277

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Forest Growth Response to CO2

Forest Growth Response to CO2. By examining various properties of tree rings, researchers can deduce how historical increases in the air's CO2 concentration have already affected tree productivity and water use efficiency.

Released On: 12/29/2014
Views: 4879

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Onward Marches the Great Pause

Onward Marches the Great Pause. Since October 1996 there has been no global warming at all (Fig. 1).

Released On: 12/29/2014
Views: 3931

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RESPONSE OF VARIOUS MARINE ANIMALS TO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION AND WARMING

RESPONSE OF VARIOUS MARINE ANIMALS TO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION AND WARMING.

Released On: 12/8/2014
Views: 3585

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FACE EXPERIMENTS AND GRASSLAND SPECIES

FACE EXPERIMENTS AND GRASSLAND SPECIES.

Released On: 12/8/2014
Views: 4164

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EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON FISH

EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON FISH.

Released On: 12/8/2014
Views: 4179

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Response of Fish to Ocean Warming

Response of Fish to Ocean Warming. According to the IPCC, CO2-induced global warming will be net harmful to the world's marine species.

Released On: 11/21/2014
Views: 4092

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Long-Term Open-Top-Chamber Study of Sour Orange Trees

Long-Term Open-Top-Chamber Study of Sour Orange Trees. Eight 30-cm-tall sour orange tree (Citrus aurantium L.) seedlings were planted directly into the ground at the Agricultural Research Service's U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory in Phoenix, A ...

Released On: 11/21/2014
Views: 4127

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The Global Medieval Warm Period

The Global Medieval Warm Period. Between the 10th and 14th centuries AD, earth's average global temperature may have been warmer than it is today.

Released On: 11/21/2014
Views: 3926

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Growth Rates of Old versus Young Forest Trees

Growth Rates of Old versus Young Forest Trees. The planting and preservation of forests has long been acknowledged to be an effective and environmentally-friendly means for slowing climate-model-predicted CO2-induced global warming.

Released On: 9/30/2014
Views: 4176

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Tropical Trees

Citation: Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change. "Tropical Trees.”

Released On: 9/30/2014
Views: 4250

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Water Use Efficiency of Agricultural Species

Water Use Efficiency of Agricultural Species.

Released On: 9/30/2014
Views: 4147

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GLOBAL TEMPERATURES AND BIOSPHERIC PRODUCTIVITY

Global temperatures and biospheric productivity. Among the many climate-alarmist fears of CO2-induced global warming is the concern that the productivity of the biosphere will decline if global temperatures rise to the extent predicted by compute ...

Released On: 9/13/2014
Views: 4121

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REWRITING SUNSPOT HISTORY

Rewriting sunspot history. In 2006, when I first made the mistake of writing publicly of my doubts about the Party Line on manmade global warming.

Released On: 9/13/2014
Views: 4182

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ANALYSIS OF THE SECOND ORDER DRAFT OF THE WORKING GROUP I CONTRIBUTION TO IPCC 5AR

ANALYSIS OF THE SECOND ORDER DRAFT OF THE WORKING GROUP I CONTRIBUTION TO IPCC 5AR. The preparation of IPCC Assessment Reports involves several stages.

Released On: 9/13/2014
Views: 4019

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THE ECONOMICS OF BIOFUELS

The economics of biofuels. Aside from rejecting biofuel expansion and use for environmental reasons.

Released On: 9/13/2014
Views: 3859

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