Staphylococcus is a group of bacteria that can cause a number of diseases as a result of infection of various tissues of the body. Staphylococcus is more familiarly known as Staph (pronounced "staff"). Staph-related illness can range from mild and requiring no treatment to severe and potentially fatal.
The name Staphylococcus comes from the Greek staphyle, meaning a bunch of grapes, and kokkos, meaning berry, and that is what Staph bacteria look like under the microscope, like a bunch of grapes or little round berries. Over 30 different types of Staphylococci can infect humans, but most infections are caused by Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus is also one of the most common causes of community-acquired and healthcare associated infections.
The introduction of new classes of antimicrobials/antibiotics usually has been followed by the emergence of resistance in S. aureus. After the initial success of penicillin in treating S. aureus infections, penicillin-resistant S. aureus became a major threat in hospitals and nurseries in the 1950s, requiring the use of methicillin and related drugs for treating infections caused by S. aureus. In the 1980s, methicillin-resistant S. aureus emerged and became widespread in many hospitals, leading to the increasing use of Vancomycin. The first clinical isolated case of S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to Vancomycin was reported from Japan.
A survey taken by the Environmental Diagnostics Laboratory at Pure Air Control Services, Clearwater, FL, reveals that these bacteria may be recorded in and around residential environments, as well as commercial building environments. The prevalence of S. aureus in ambient air poses a serious challenge from a health and hygiene point of view. Once these bacteria become airborne, the possibility of mutation increases drastically and a new strain may immerse with an altered genetic structure, which could also be drug resistant. Since ambient air does not have boundaries, chances for dissemination increase drastically.
The antibiotic does not technically cause the resistance, but allows it to happen by creating a situation where an already existing variant can flourish. Whenever antibiotics are used, there is selective pressure for resistance to occur. Furthermore, the surrounding environment plays vital roles in the development and survival of microorganisms. A regular qualitative and quantitative microbiological evaluation of the building environment may be of significant importance as it helps to understand the microbial population of a place at a given time. The outcome of such an investigation certainly helps in determining a strategy that will adhere to prevent transmission in addition to survival of resistant microorganisms in various places, including healthcare settings and other building environments Drug-resistant microbial infections increase the risk of death, and are often associated with prolonged hospital stays, and sometimes complications. In order to study the bacterial resistance power against the antibiotics it is necessary to have the knowledge of the genetic diversity of the organism and the environmental condition apart from other physical and biological factors.
Sample Collection and Testing:
This annual event provides an opportunity for licensed contractors throughout the State of Florida to obtain all 14 state-required hours of continuing education over the course of the two-day event.
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