Genomic Biomarkers: A Pathway To Personalized
Medicine

What
are Genomic Biomarkers?



Genomic biomarkers refer to changes that can be identified in a person's DNA,
RNA or protein levels that are associated with a disease or condition. Our
genes contain the blueprint for all of our characteristics like eye color, risk
for diseases etc. Any changes or variations in our genes can act as predictors
for diseases. By analyzing a person's genetic material, researchers can
discover unique biomarkers related to specific diseases. These biomarkers help
in early detection, accurate diagnosis and selection of the most effective
treatment for individuals.



Types



There are different types that can be detected:



DNA Biomarkers

Variations or mutations in a person's DNA sequence can act as biomarkers.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are common genetic variations that can
predict disease risk. Loss or gain of specific DNA sequences through deletions
or duplications are also DNA biomarkers.



RNA Biomarkers

Changes in the expression levels of certain genes through RNA analysis can
serve as Genomic
Biomarker By measuring RNA transcript levels of genes associated with
diseases, researchers can determine if those genes are overexpressed or
underexpressed in affected individuals.



Protein Biomarkers

Diseases cause alterations in protein production and levels in the body.
Detecting the presence or amount of distinctive proteins through various
technologies help diagnose diseases. Cancer biomarkers like prostate-specific
antigen (PSA) test for prostate cancer use protein levels as biomarkers.

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