Condom - An Effective Method of Contraception and
Protection

What is a Condom?

A condom is
a barrier device used during sexual intercourse to protect against pregnancy
and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It is a soft, thin sheath that
slips over the erect penis and collects semen after ejaculation and men usually
wear them during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.



Types of Condoms

There are two main types of Condoms
- male condoms and female condoms. Male condoms, which are the most commonly
used, roll on to the erect penis and are made out of materials like latex,
polyurethane, or lambskin. Female condoms are soft pouches that are inserted
into the vagina before intercourse to form a protective barrier.



Material Used in Condoms

Latex is the most common material used to make male condoms. Latex condoms
are thin, strong, and help prevent skin-to-skin contact between partners.
Non-latex condoms made from polyurethane or polyisoprene provide an alternative
for those with latex allergies. Lambskin condoms are made from lamb cecum but
do not protect against STIs as effectively as other types since they contain
pores that allow viruses to pass through.



Effectiveness of Condoms

When used consistently and correctly, male condoms are highly effective at
preventing pregnancy and reducing the transmission of STIs. Studies show that
among typical condom users, about 13 out of 100 will get pregnant each year if
they always use condoms correctly. If used correctly every time, condoms are
roughly 98% effective at preventing pregnancy. Their effectiveness against
preventing the spread of STIs ranges from 80-95% depending on the infection.



Factors Impacting Condom Effectiveness

Correct and consistent use is key to condoms providing maximum protection.
User error like putting it on too late, leaks or breaks can significantly
reduce their effectiveness. Other factors are expired condoms, improper storage
which damages the material, and oil-based lubricants like petroleum jelly that
weaken latex. Condoms should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat or
direct sunlight which can degrade the material.



Testing and Standards for Condoms

The quality of condoms is regulated by international standards to ensure
strength and reliability. Standards require each condom undergo quality checks
to identify defects and ensure they meet strength, width or length
specifications. They are electronically tested for holes using water or air
pressure and electronically checked for thickness. Samples from each
manufactured lot also undergo random laboratory tests. Properly stored condoms
can maintain effectiveness for 2-5 years from the manufacturing date printed on
the package.



Promoting Responsible Condom Use

The benefits of condoms in preventing unwanted pregnancies and STDs make
promoting their correct and consistent use an important public health goal.
While condoms may reduce sensation compared to unprotected sex, proper use
maximizes their protective effects. Open communication between partners,
practicing correct application techniques together, and choosing lubricants
carefully can help address any issues. Psychosocial intervention programs focus
on knowledge, attitudes and skills to empower people to protect their health
through condom use.



Making Condoms More Accessible

To achieve reductions in infection rates, condoms need to be widely
available, affordable and acceptable to use. Many community-based organizations
run outreach programs to distribute condoms free at public events, colleges and
targeted to at-risk groups. Vending machines and condoms available without
prescriptions in drugstores have made them more purchasable. However, stigma or
lack of access still remains a challenge in some communities. Collaborative
efforts aim to normalize condom discussion and remove barriers preventing
people from obtaining and using them.



In summary, condoms are a highly effective method for preventing both pregnancy
and transmission of STIs when used correctly and consistently. Quality control
standards ensure strength and reliability, while education programs promote
responsible use. Making condoms more accessible aims to empower individuals and
communities to take charge of their sexual health. Condom plays an important
role in sexual wellness that benefits societies globally.

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